Misperception and Deception in William Shakespeares...

Misperception and Deception in Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is likely one of Shakespeare’s most entertaining and complete comedy. This romance explores a generous wealth of themes and issues. The most recurrent theme is the relationship between misperception and deception. As a result of their environment and immediate circumstances, men are forced into misperceptions. Paradoxically, they are completely trapped by these illusions. Between the bad fortune they encounter and the bad fortune they themselves generate, they become caught between a rock and a hard place; they are victims of deceit as well as their own folly. The relationship between misperception and deception has numerous effects: it gives way to†¦show more content†¦Of course, in reality, Viola and Sebastian were being confused. The main plot of Twelfth Night revolves around the cause of such confusion resulting in disillusioned and self-deceived characters. The main plot of the play involves twins of the opposite sex who are separated during a tragic shipwreck, each believing the other to be dead. The female, Viola, disguises herself as male and serves in the love-sick Duke Orsinos Court, where Tis said no woman may approach his court. Orsino then uses Viola - who, in male dress is known as Cesario - to attempt to woo Countess Olivia for himself, whereupon the Countess falls in love with Viola and Viola with Orsino. This love triangle is brought to a conclusion when Sebastian, the male twin, stumbles upon the Countess grounds and, mistaken for Viola in mans guise, is promptly married to Olivia. The twins are therefore united when Viola reveals her true identity. Thus the main plot revolves around misperception and deception, and the main plot is paralleled by the sub-plot. The sub-plot concerns the activities of the Countesss servants. It largely involves the plotting of Malvolios downfall. There is an attempt to make him appear a fool before Olivia (...here comes the trout which must be caught with tickling.). Maria imitates Olivias handwriting in forging a letter professing Olivias love for him. Malvolio, overjoyed with such news,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares As You Like It As a Study of Perception and Misperception2315 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares As You Like It As a Study of Perception and Misperception The concepts of perception and misperception are common themes in many of Shakespeares plays and can be found in his comedies, tragedies and histories alike. Shakespeare explores these often-parallel elements through several different forms in his work, such as disguise, mistaken identity and blindness, and events caused by these can lead to amusing, confusing or sometimes tragic consequences

Watching The Pbs Frontline Film Titled, Losing Iraq

Earlier this week we were privileged to watch the PBS Frontline film titled, â€Å"Losing Iraq†. In the beginning of this film, General Keane believed that the United States shouldn’t invade Iraq. Keane noticed that the war plans didn’t include adequate plans for securing the country. At the same time, General Franks announced that by September 2003, 110,000 troops would be prepared to leave and that a division of 30,000 would stay and handle Iraq. At this point of time, this was huge news for the United States, they truly believed that the major combat phase of the war in Iraq was over. United States next step was to send Jerry Bremer to Iraq to attempt to fix 20 years of dysfunctional government. Jerry Bremer was a very interesting candidate†¦show more content†¦My answer is, bring ‘em on. We got the force necessary to deal with the security situation.† The plan to send more than 100,00 troops home by September 2003 was now absolutely out of the question. As the war continued, thousands of Iraqis were swept up in raids. The reality became that you’d go into a village and just arrest everybody. Things were beginning to get out of hand, the Defense Department decided it wanted Iraq to be given back to the Iraqis as soon as possible. Soon after the discussion, the US Army captured Saddam Hussein and he shared that he was willing to negotiate. Many believed that this would lower the tension in Iraq, but they were absolutely wrong. Four American contractors were murdered and two of the bodies were hung from a bridge. This upset George Bush very much and he demanded that the Marines retaliate. The Marines took the order and moved into the city, killing people. Once the Marines were ordered to stop fighting, they were now ordered to simply surround Fallujah and contain the insurgents. Soon after this, Bremer formed a new government, and handed Iraq back to the Iraqis. As the war continued, the United States Army was fighting the Mahdi Army. They pushed the Mahdi Army into Sadr, but the White House didn’t want to risk destroying the mosque so the Army was ordered to cut a deal. The deal was to have their militia not oppose the Americans. The United States

Entrepreneurship Business Plan Of Fiji Natural Resource Processing

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Business Plan Of Fiji Natural Resource Processing. Answer: Critical-risks segment A Petrochemical processing plant, Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD, is going to open at Walu Bay near the Port, in Fiji. This place is in a very pleasant location that has quite well managed and has quite good amenities and facilities like, roads, nearby port, infrastructure, Potential problems As it is a new business venture, the business can face the team experience as the founder of the business does not have a track record of the team members. The entrepreneurs need to check the opportunity and market of the petrochemical processing plant. Petrochemical process plant, Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD, business needs money to open as it has a large and growing market. In Fiji and Australia, there are other petrochemical plants that can cut the price of the products that will pose a potential risk to the new business. Having a couple of large competitors in the market always a threat to the business and the new business will need an intellectual property like patents. At present, the petrochemical industry is rising high; however, unfavourable industry-wide trends can make the situation worse for the new start-up business (Semrau and Werner 2014). The start-up business needs natural resources like natural gas, crude oil and mineral ores to make the industry processes things like propylene, ethylene and aromatics. In Fiji and Australia, selection of right market entry strategy is necessary to attract the customers of the business. Right pricing is necessary and wrong distribution will hamper the business. Obstacles and risks This Petrochemical processing plant, Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD, will be established on 300 acres area and capacity of processing plant will be initially 7,00,00 TPA ethylene and propylene. Therefore, if the product manufacturing target does not meet, the business will face risks and product development schedule should be met in order to survive in the industry. The raw materials of the business are large in numbers like crude oil, ores and natural gas and long lead times encountered in the procurement can pose a threat to the company. The entrepreneurs in the business process may feel that the business is going to achieve greater than expected innovations and it can be a risk for the organisation. Estimated budget of the business is $900 million. Financial risks are also high in this sector as the investment is higher. Entrepreneurs of the business must think about the real plan of the business. Ownership of the start-up will be partnership business with 4 members. Therefore, the liability of the partners for the debts is unlimited. As stated by Bocken (2015), manufacturing business related to the petrochemical products, technology disruption and paradigm shift can make the situation worse for the business. Environmental risks In case of the Petrochemical process plant, Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD, the environmental risks are higher as this industry is completely based on non-renewable energy resources. In the Fiji and Australia, there are some regulatory bodies that give permission to do business complying the environmental assessment risks. There are some hazards associated with the petrochemical business that is situated near the port. For example, cyclone can increase the temperature up to 2.2 degree Celsius and it can lead to 5% increase in speed of cyclone wind. In Fiji, Bushfire is also another risk for the business as it can increase the summer temperature by 1 degree Celsius. Droughts can increase 1.3 degree Celsius temperature and 25% evaporation increases. In addition, as stated by Olson and Wu (2017), the flood can also another risk to the business as it is situated near the sea area and 25% of the temperature can be increased through 30 minutes of precipitation. In addition, an overall increase of climate temperature can hamper the business as the business is depended on mainly natural resources. In Fiji near the sea beach port area, oil spilling is another issue that can harm the environment as well. An alternative course of action In order to mitigate the market-related risk analysis, sufficient demand should be there to manufacture the products. The management of the organisation must release, observe and improve the condition. The start-up business needs to analyse the risks and they need to satisfy the marketplace. The start-up needs to use the right technologies to manufacture the products and market the products to the customers. The partners of the business can put aside the money for the taxes as the accounts of the very first payment must be noted. In addition, operational risk analysis can help to sell and produce the products on time. The entrepreneurs can get the business insurance to make up the professional liability. Harvest strategy segment New start-up of Petrochemical processing plant, Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD, will execute the harvest strategy over four years of the period to obtain maximum value. The entrepreneurs of the business will primarily focus on continuity strategy to find out the successor. The exit goal of the business is to transfer the asset. As opined by Kuratko (2016), harvest strategy consists of allowing the established brand to start generating revenue based on brand name recognition. Transfer of assets One of the best ways for Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD is to transfer the assets to the newly appointed owner. The newly appointed owner can manage the business and the owner may have good financial value. The formal contract can state that Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD will transfer the assets after four years whilst maintaining the legal proceedings. The newly appointed buyer of must is provided with training on operating the business (Modarres et al. 2016). This process may take time of two to three months. The management of the start-up can provide ongoing support in order to ensure Petrochemical Processing plant success for first two or three years. The buyer of the business must know about the relevant information like customers of the business and legal papers. If Petrochemical processing plant fails to achieve the goal, it can transfer the assets to the persons who are liable. Liable for the business would be transferred the existing funds. As stated by Ward (2016), the business needs to comply with those that are liable to work on the strategy to transfer the assets on mutual agreement. Therefore, the entrepreneurs of the business need to look for the possible and potential buyer to meet the needs and demand of those who are liable to all these. The management of the Petrochemical processing plant can revise the initial contract to disperse the funds accordingly. Continuity of business strategy The continuity strategy will focus on manufacturing higher profits to expand the fund in other sections to meet the exit goal. The Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD is to continue the business strategy to focus on mainly the marketing objectives of the business, financial goals and operational objectives. In addition, the entrepreneurs of the business need to have staffing goal and social responsibility to continue the business. The management of the start-up needs to set the position to reach the desired long-term exit goal. There will be some issues that will prevent the business to continue the business strategies. Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD needs to revise the strategy to determine if keeping the track records to look for the strategies to meet the goals. The continuity of the business can be achieved through systemising its daily activities. The management of start-up can break business continuity plan into four different sections. First, the business does business impact analysis where the organisation can prepare a questionnaire to fill in the knowledge gap. As pointed out by DeTinenne et al. (2015), a recovery strategy is about identifying the document resources and plan development is about the developing the framework and relocation plan. Lastly, Petrochemical processing plant can develop testing, exercise and mainstream requirements. The organisation can prepare insurance and trust that are needed for continuity of the business. Identify successor Reaching its exit goal, Fiji Natural Resource Processing LTD can look for the successor that can bear the qualities to operate the business. The transition of leadership starts with emergency succession and the management needs to develop the plan for the transition of both internal and external roles of departing leader. According to Muzellec et al. (2015), it is really critical for the organisation to continue with the transition that leads to damage and stress to the organisation. Success plan starts with promoting an internal employee, hiring interim ED and conducting a search for new ED. The successor of the business must have qualities like highly skilled, financially able, experience in similar areas and ability to grow the business further. The leader must have an extensive history of the previous dealing with the business and successor must be able to grow the start-up even further. References Bocken, N.M.P., 2015. Sustainable venture capital a catalyst for sustainable start-up success?. Journal of Cleaner Production,108, pp.647-658. DeTienne, D.R., McKelvie, A. and Chandler, G.N., 2015. Making sense of entrepreneurial exit strategies: A typology and test.Journal of Business Venturing,30(2), pp.255-272. Kuratko, D.F., 2016.Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Boca Raton: Cengage Learning. Modarres, M., Kaminsky, M.P. and Krivtsov, V., 2016. Reliability engineering and risk analysis: a practical guide. London: CRC Press. Muzellec, L., Rondeau, S. and Lambkin, M., 2015. Two-sided Internet platforms: A business model lifecycle perspective. Industrial Marketing Management,45, pp.139-150. Olson, D.L. and Wu, D.D., 2017. Data Mining Models and Enterprise Risk Management. InEnterprise Risk Management Models(pp. 119-132). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Semrau, T. and Werner, A., 2014. How exactly do network relationships pay off? The effects of network size and relationship quality on access to start?up resources.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(3), pp.501-525. Ward, J., 2016.Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Berlin: Springer.

Capital Punishment Essays - Penology, Criminology, Criminal Law

Capital Punishment The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has enduredfor years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. Many contend that the use of capital punishment as a form of deterrence does not work, as there are no fewer murders on a per- capita basis in countries or states that do have it, then those that do not. In order for capital punishment to work as a deterrence, certain events must be present in the criminal's mind prior to committing the offence. The criminal must be aware that others have been punished in the past for the offence that he or she is planning, and that what happened to another individual who committed this offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a deterrent, because of human nature to ignore practised advice and to self learn. There are those who claim that capital punishment is in itself a form of vengeance on the killer. But isn't locking up a human being behind steel bars for many years, vengeance itself? And is it "humane" that an individual who took the life of another, should receive heating, clothing, indoor plumbing, 3 meals a day, while a homeless person who has harmed no one receives nothing? Adversaries of capital punishment claim that it is far more humane then having the state take away the life of the individual. In February 1963, Gary McCorkell, a 19 year old sex offender, was scheduled to hang. But just days before his execution, the then Liberal cabinet of Lester Person commuted McCorkell to life in prison. Less than 20 years later, McCorkell was arrested, tried, and convicted for the kidnapping and rape of a 10-year old Tenessee boy. He was sentanced to 63 years in prison. Prior to leaving Canada, he was sought by Metro Police in the attempted murder of an 11-year old boy. What has been gained by this? Had McCorkell been executed in 1963, two boys would never have had to have gone through the horror of being sexually abused. These individuals may themselves become sex offenders, as many sex offenders were sexually abused as children. McCorkell may have been a victim of sexually assualt in the past, but that does not justify what he did. He did not do this once, he killed two boys, and assaulted two others, leaving one for dead. He knew exactly what he was doing. What right does this man have to live? He has ruined the lives of 4 children, what will he do in life that will compensate for that? What kind of a life would the state have been taking away in this case? An innocent life? A forgiving life? No, a life that was beyond the realm of reform, and did not care to be. We must be careful. We must be very careful to never, even when suspicion may cause considerable doubt, send an innocent person to be executed. It could have happened to David Millgard, it could have happened to Donald Marshall. It probably has even occured numerous times in the history of the earth. But with proper police investigations, and where the evidence shows that the individual is a threat to the peace of society as long as he or she is alive, capital punishment must be used. Capital Punishment Essays - Penology, Criminology, Criminal Law Capital Punishment The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has enduredfor years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. Many contend that the use of capital punishment as a form of deterrence does not work, as there are no fewer murders on a per- capita basis in countries or states that do have it, then those that do not. In order for capital punishment to work as a deterrence, certain events must be present in the criminal's mind prior to committing the offence. The criminal must be aware that others have been punished in the past for the offence that he or she is planning, and that what happened to another individual who committed this offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a deterrent, because of human nature to ignore practised advice and to self learn. There are those who claim that capital punishment is in itself a form of vengeance on the killer. But isn't locking up a human being behind steel bars for many years, vengeance itself? And is it "humane" that an individual who took the life of another, should receive heating, clothing, indoor plumbing, 3 meals a day, while a homeless person who has harmed no one receives nothing? Adversaries of capital punishment claim that it is far more humane then having the state take away the life of the individual. In February 1963, Gary McCorkell, a 19 year old sex offender, was scheduled to hang. But just days before his execution, the then Liberal cabinet of Lester Person commuted McCorkell to life in prison. Less than 20 years later, McCorkell was arrested, tried, and convicted for the kidnapping and rape of a 10-year old Tenessee boy. He was sentanced to 63 years in prison. Prior to leaving Canada, he was sought by Metro Police in the attempted murder of an 11-year old boy. What has been gained by this? Had McCorkell been executed in 1963, two boys would never have had to have gone through the horror of being sexually abused. These individuals may themselves become sex offenders, as many sex offenders were sexually abused as children. McCorkell may have been a victim of sexually assualt in the past, but that does not justify what he did. He did not do this once, he killed two boys, and assaulted two others, leaving one for dead. He knew exactly what he was doing. What right does this man have to live? He has ruined the lives of 4 children, what will he do in life that will compensate for that? What kind of a life would the state have been taking away in this case? An innocent life? A forgiving life? No, a life that was beyond the realm of reform, and did not care to be. We must be careful. We must be very careful to never, even when suspicion may cause considerable doubt, send an innocent person to be executed. It could have happened to David Millgard, it could have happened to Donald Marshall. It probably has even occured numerous times in the history of the earth. But with proper police investigations, and where the evidence shows that the individual is a threat to the peace of society as long as he or she is alive, capital punishment must be used.

Practical Book Review of Petersen Text Essays

Practical Book Review of Petersen Text Essays Practical Book Review of Petersen Text Paper Practical Book Review of Petersen Text Paper Essay Topic: The Healers Petersen (2007) then illustrates in his book what he envisions to be the stomach (emotions), heart (objectives and interpretations), and the head (which is where we draw our logical conclusions), to resemble. Flat brain occurs when ones stomach is filled to capacity with uncomfortable emotions and feelings (Petersen, 2007). This in return then upwardly impacts the heart, resulting in squashing the brain; therefore causing it to go flat. He then reminds the reader that one has a choice to become defensive, and be overtaken by this phenomenon, or to collaborate with those who are involved, to bring about a positive outcome. In part ;o, the talker listening process, is how Petersen (2007) describes he method of relieving the symptoms of flat brain; this process involves taking turns talking and listening (p. 49). Petersen (2007) also discusses stomach talk, meaning that one is only allowed to share his or her own insecurities, rather than blaming others (p. 78). He warns his readers that sharing and thinking is risky business, however, worth it in exchange for a more cherished relationship (p. 82). Petersen (2007) then uses the recipe of two parts personal and one part logical, to balance the scales of communication (p. 85). In part three Petersen (2007), introduces overall listening techniques to further ones communication, including the six communication pitfalls (p. 1 16-121 These pitfalls are an attempt to Set in control of the conversation, as well as a clever form of manipulation on TTY part of the speaker (Petersen, 2007). He then goes on to explain the two levels of communication; the first being more superficial, and the second, emerging into a deeper level of how one is truly feeling emotionally. Petersen (2007) ends this portion of the book reminding one to be careful o hidden agendas, and taking on more serious cases such as, someone suggesting us iced. In the last sections four and five, Peters (2007) takes on the challenge of BRI inning it all together with examples of the listening game. This is where families learn to interact in a safe family environment. This is especial helpful for children, while reinforcing the taking turns skills they have already learned growing up. Peterson (2007) then reintroduces the TTL card to the group setting; which allows everyone a chance to be heard, respected, and better express themselves. As Petersen (2007) wraps up the book, he suggests that the TTL card can be useful with monitoring couples, as well as sharing, negotiating, and closing (p. 203). Lastly, he leaves us with his philosophy, which is to leave people and place ± in better a better condition than when I found them (p. 209). Respond When I began reading Peterson (2007) I was amazed at hi candidness, his story drew me in immediately. Because I am a published author myself, understand how difficult transparency can be. Petersen (2007) provokes one to deal with the selfish nature within, in addition to need to win attitude (p. 7). This portion of the book spoke volumes to me. I grew up in a time where winning was everything at home, school and church. However, I always seem to be the one who lost. I cowered beneath the hand of my older sister, strict father, and hierarchy of the church. When I became a young woman, I vowed never to be mistreated by anyone. Quickly learned to fight back, and believed I had become a winner. During this time in my life I had achieved great success in the natural world; however, I had become very confrontational to my husband and demanding with my chi lilied. Petersen (2007) talks about the six communication traps, and as guilty on all charges (p. 1 16-122). I was constantly dragging my kids and husband into the courtroom, so that I could prove my case like Perry Mason (p. 116). Often times I won, however, I was destroying my marriage and distancing our children. I did not know how to control my emotions when I was challenged with issues. Petersen (2007) refers to this problem as flat brained (p. 10). Eventually, my marriage ended, and I paid a very costly price for not knowing how to listen better. Years later, I am remarried, and have put into practice the TTL card without my husband even knowing it. Have also learned that defending is attacking, (p. 1 08) and enjoy using the double- reverse-twist to ward off feelings of defensiveness (Petersen, 2007, p. 43). Reflect Because we are reading three different listening skills books within a small time frame it becomes difficult to separate the three. It is the useful names used in the techniques is what creates a difference in each book. Petersen (2007) stands out because of his illustration of the flat brain. We have all experienced it; however describing how it occurs from the first onset is what make one conscious that an attack is on its way. He takes that which is spiritual, which is the spirit of offense, and makes it practical, so that everyone can understand what is really taking place in the mind. One observation that represented an ah ha moment was when Peterson (2007) talked about observing pays dividends (p. 58). He discusses what happens when one is fully aware of his/her behavior, and is able to adjust it to accommodate the other person, as in the case of Mary and her mother (p. 58-60). This practical teaching lines up with the book of Romans chapter twelve. If I were to narrow it down to one verse, it would be, Be kindly affectionate one to another with brotherly love; in honor preferring one another Romans 12:10 (KAVA). This is very useful to me when dealing with the majority of friends who call me to talk. I have given over to having a mutual friendship, and have resolved that would always play the role of the listener. This technique helps to remind me of what I should be doing spiritually nonetheless; it also helps me not to become resentful concerning the call that God has mandated over my life. It is sometimes difficult to accept that we are always playing a role. Though it is true that we grow stronger in character, and in love, during these perpetual times of pressure. Act The TTL is one of the valuable instruments that I will add to my tool box of listening (Petersen, 2007). On the personal side, I have two daughters, of whom I am very close to. I have now learned to slow down and listen. I can now listen without owning their problems! I believe that was my biggest challenge with the both of them; that little card has set me free! I now understand am not there to solve their problems, however, to only be a nonjudgmental sounding board. also understand that there will be occasions when I Will be tempted to fall for the l feel that trap. Moreover, I will resist the urge to disagree, agree, or force my advice on my young adult daughters. I now realize that they only need me to be a good mother, role model, and listener (Petersen, 2007, p. 78). Also have three sisters whom I enjoy spending girl talk time with. We all jump in whenever someone pauses to take a breath. It will be exciting to introduce the TTL card ATA casual dinner (Petersen, 2007). Petersen (2007) has also given me new tools to use in my ministry. God has taken me through a transformation since my life changing divorce in 2002. Obviously, listening was my greatest challenge. Learning to listen to God was paramount in my life, and that is where God did his greatest work. Peterson (2007) digs in deep when he begins to cause one to examine themselves in what he/she is doing to others. The Guiding difficult group discussions was a very eye-opening tool for me (Petersen, 2007, p. 190). He talks about not fully hearing others out before we are on the attack, as well as not being able to hear correctly, and repeat back what was ally being said. This is what happens during bible study discussions and womens groups. UT these techniques into practice because I truly want to see women healed, and become healers themselves. Listening is also important in evangelism ministry. We are always quick to throw our religious beliefs on someone who has not heard the good news of Jesus Christ. We must listen and find out why they feel a certain way (Petersen, 2007) before we attack them, and drag them kicking and screaming into the body of Christ. My husband and I are both in ministry and have spent nettles hours arguing with Jehovah Witnesses, Muslims, and unbelievers.

Memorandum on Public Adminstration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memorandum on Public Adminstration - Case Study Example The level of infant mortality is an important indicator of health status of a community. Health People 2010 consensus document stated the reduction of infant mortality rate as one of its objectives. Numerous documentaries reveal the existence of racial disparities in infant mortality rate (IMR). African Americans and other racial minority groups experience a slightly higher IMR as compared to the IMR experienced by the whites. The disparities in neonatal mortality occur due to factors influencing the birth of extremely preterm infants and the access to specialized pediatric and obstetric care. Neonatal mortality accounts for about 67 percent of the national IMR (Khanani et al., 1). Therefore, the risk of preterm birth is a fundamental factor to assess when seeking to decrease the infant mortality. Infant death rate is a key gauge of a nation’s health. It measures the number of infants that die before they reach the age of one year. Most studies on the impacts of WIC on infant’s health have methodological limitations. In most of these studies, the independent measure is often eligibility rather than participation and measure of the results being cause of infant death or timing of those deaths. Population based surveys including WIC program participation are limited. Besides studies examining the effects of timing of WIC are very rare. Evidence on the effects of interventions such as nutritional and prenatal care on birth weight and other features of infant’s health in US populations is variegated. This makes it uncertain on how the WIC program might affect infant mortality. Since its founding in 1974, the WIC program has gained the reputation of being a successful federal funded nutrition program in the US. Numerous findings of previous studies reviews and reports show that WIC program is cost effective in nurturing and improving the health and nutritional status of

The Global Reporting Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Global Reporting Initiative - Essay Example To hold these expectations and to communicate clearly about sustainability, a global framework model and continuous metrics and language is required and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) fulfills this. GRI relies on association of the expert from large networks in collaboration with consensus seeking consultation from groups of stakeholders. Since the foundation of GRI, these consultations with practical experience have constantly improved the framework of GRI (GRI 2011). Sustainability Reporting and GRI: A sustainability report allows the organization to reveal sustainable information in such a way that it looks similar like financial reporting. Comparable data that include metrics and agreed disclosures is given in systematic sustainability report. It is an organizational report that gives relevant information regarding economic, environmental, governance and social performance of the company. For the organizations sustainability, the capacity to resist or maintain depends on the p erformance of these key areas. Many companies want to make their operations sustainable and by making a sustainability reporting process, it helps them to set goals, manage change and measure performance. In a sustainability report, communication is made for positive and negative impacts for sustainability (ACCA 2005). ... This reporting is an important step for managing change to a sustainable global economy in which long-term profitability with social justice and environmental care is involved. The rising interest and focus on the impact of businesses on society and environment have increased the awareness level of people and demand for improve and better disclosures that are beyond financial figures have increased as well. The basis of sustainability is now dependent on social, environmental, and economic performance (Barner 2007). Best practices will tell that companies holding triple bottom line concept, are best positioned in terms of their competiveness and brands. The benefits for those companies include better risk management, reputation, and improved infrastructure of governance. Organizations are now expected to do and show more than just fulfilling their duty to give information to stakeholders in their company reports. It is very common now a days that global companies reports on all areas of sustainability reporting that is known as triple bottom line in which companies report on social, economic, and environmental responsibilities. Usually, the economic aspects of reporting have been the main theme of annual reports but now, the strength of annual reports is the disclosure of social and environmental performance (Elkington 1994). Improve reporting and disclosures, beyond the requirement of law or statement are the first step of sustainability report. Following are the drivers towards responsible businesses: Greater Disclosure and Accountability Demand: Different stakeholder groups give immense pressure to companies to display good controlling practices in all fields of their business operations.